Mr Shouse has been recognized by the National Trial Lawyers as one of the Top 100 Criminal and Top 100 Civil Attorneys. The use of this publication does not create an attorney-client relationship between U.S. LawShield, any independent program attorney, and any individual. While many people conceal a full-size handgun on a regular basis, not everyone will have the necessary physical real estate on their body to be able to do that. In TikTok videos, weapons such as Kubatons, pointed knuckles, knives and pepper spray were demonstrated on fruits, pieces of meat, cans, synthetic flesh, and mannequin heads. Your IP: When you have done what seems like all the training you can possibly do, TRAIN some more. Our attorneys explain the law, penalties and best defense strategies for every major crime in California. All rights reserved. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. 89.46.66.4 Just about all defensive keychains will face the same travel restrictions on planes, meaning knives and kubotans are often barred from carry-ons and can only be checked in. Sabre Red Pepper Gel: Best keychain pepper spray. The bright pink durable plastic case is compact and has a comfortable molded finger grip. personal alarms (which are commonly attached to a keychain and produce extremely loud sounds when people activate them). However, some may argue that it could include more. On their websites, many safety keychain businesses include language absolving themselves of liability from injuries sustained from their products, as well as holding customers responsible for knowing their local laws. Even concealed carry holders often do not carry their gun constantly, as they do their pocket knives. ILLINOIS: Legal with restrictions. Oftentimes, death is the unfortunate result of the force needed to stop someone who is actively attacking another person, but its never the intended outcome. But that adorable thing is actually often known as Cat Eyes or some go by Watch Cat: Keychains to help with self-defense. We provide you with the latest breaking news and videos straight from the entertainment industry. As the category suggests, theyre small enough to be easily bound to a keychain or lanyard and will be miniaturized caricatures of their standard-sized siblings. After a young woman took to TikTok to recount a strange man following and accosting her, one shop called SkyDefense saw an opportunity to duet her video and show off their keychain tools in split-screen. Updated Jul 26, 2022 2:48 PM EDT. Check your DNS Settings. "What happens if you forget that set of keys and you switched purses that day? A common practice among keychain merchants is to place the disclaimers on pages covering store policy (such as legal and privacy) rather than in more visible areas like homepages or product listings. Pepper spray is a powerful and potentially life-saving tool that can be easily carried in your pocket or purse. Additionally, it must not be capable of being used as a weapon that can kill a person. The first thing to consider is what the law says about carrying a knife where you live. Its also important to remember that while its easy to focus on weapons, tools, and gear, use of force laws should probably be the first concern anyone has when they begin to ask questions and learn about personal protection and defense against attacks in general. Its four-inch length and featherweight design makes carrying it around no problem at all and has been lauded for its multi-purpose use as a home defense item as well as a safety alarm for the elderly and disabled. Yes, self-defense keychains are legal in the US. Our formulation is independently lab-tested as one of the highest . Enter our comprehensive buyers guide to the best self-defense keychains on sale today. $18.95 Sold out Add to cart . At first glance, it looks like a kitty cat keychain. Cassetta said TikTok's keychain sellers are "going from A to Z and they're skipping B to Y.". Colors: $28.95. 162.144.108.203 When it comes to choosing the right self-defense keychain for you, there are a few things to consider. Five On Your Side found that carrying a cat-eye keychain is illegal in Missouri. Name Example video title will go here for this video. "Unless you've been training and you understand how to really work this stuff and it's second nature to youhow are you going to expect a young woman to pull out something and stab somebody in the throat who's attacking them?". Learn your ability and limitations with that weapon. Training, training, and more training. While self-defense is a basic human right, its crucial to know the law or laws that govern when someone is legally justified in defending themselves that are spelled out in self-defense laws. Seeking to kill someone, even if theyre attacking you, can be used by a prosecutor to show malice, which could weaken or defeat the defenders claim of self-defense. The video was viewed over 1.7 million times. "Apparently the consequences of carrying this keychain in public is $1000 fine or one year in jail," said Susan.High profile celebrities like Lena Dunham have also found this out the hard way. That's when the TSA had some bad news. Additional troubleshooting information here. "In general, a tool is just a tool, it's not a weapon unless you really know how to use it and you trained with it and you understand it and it's like an extension of your limb," Cassetta told Newsweek. Educate yourselves on the laws where you live, where you travel, any place that you will be whether carrying a weapon or not. The latter could also double as a force multiplier in the same manner as the kubotan. The Castle Doctrine is a set of laws that applies to the situation when people use self-defense inside their own home (as opposed to outdoors or in a place of business). Attempting to claim ignorance of the law isnt a valid legal defense. The battery is rechargeable via a micro USB port. "This could potentially save your life if you are trapped in a car because you got in a car accident, you went into water, or you're being kidnapped, this can easily break the window," she told her 1.4 million followers. Alarms are roughly the size of a car key fob and can be placed anywhere on a person. In fact, legally they are classified much the same as knuckle dusters or brass knuckles. If the person reasonably believes the force is necessary to prevent a felony from being committed. Especially before you get into an encounter that could turn violent. They come in many different shapes and sizes, so theyll fit practically any pocket or purse. The best items would be the most acclaimed and trusted defense tools with stout build quality and ease of carrying on a day-to-day routine. This allows it to be carried in a variety of environments, including humid cities and torrential downpours. The intent of the law is that your home is equivalent to your castle and, as king or queen of your castle, you should not be required to retreat from people who have no right to be in your home. However, the castle doctrine gives people the right to avoid retreating in their home in order to protect themselves from intruders. impose certain rules for storing and transporting guns. Another shop named Gracefully Armed used that same hoax to advertise their product in a TikTok video viewed over 726,2000 times. Stun guns are legal for civilian self-defense in the other 48 states as long as: Not a minor | Do not have any felony record | Only use it for self defense. Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion. Marcia Narine Weldon, a lecturer in law at the University of Miami, said posts of this nature could give rise to legal liability for keychain businesses. If youre ever in a situation where you need to use your self-defense skills, carrying this kind of weapon with you will give you the confidence to get away safely. Its no gimmicky childs toy either, with a slim aluminum handle complete with a pocket clip for everyday carry as well as a hole for mounting to keychains and lanyards. What Are Self-defense Keychains & How Do They Work 4 Options 3 Reasons Why Danish Teak Furniture Is So Expensive Where Does Teak Come From? But nonchalance in the face of danger is highly unlikely in real life. There are multiple issues with attempting to use wasp spray in this manner, but probably the biggest one is that its simply not very effective at doing any of the things that less-lethal spray should do. We are not a law firm. Each one comes with its own specific features that can help you out in various ways, whether it be activating an alarm if youre grabbed or opening up the contents of your bag so that you have easier access to whatever tools or weapons are inside. Its VERY important to keep in mind that you may not respond to an attack with lethal force unless you can reasonably articulate that the attacker has the ability and opportunity to cause you death or great bodily harm during the attack. What are the rules for carrying a gun in a car for self defense when traveling? Being a female, especially in this modern time, is scary. SABRE Pepper Spray and Stun Gun Protection Pack. The person acting in defensethe defendermust always use only the force necessary to stop the imminent threat and must never actively seek to kill someone else. (The charges were later dropped.). One consumer even reported its convenience in booby-trapping a yard decor against thieves. If youre interested in carrying a less-lethal spray, stick with pepper spray. When it is written use of force laws, it seems like you are describing force laws, whatever that is. Invisible ultraviolet dye (UV Dye) can stain up to 48 hours and helps police identify the attacker or suspect. A safety keychain TikToker who goes by DefenseBabes shared the same "tips" in a video seen at least 3.1 million times. Handgun bullets may go through the bad guy and kill an innocent person. Please contact your hosting provider to confirm your origin IP and then make sure the correct IP is listed for your A record in your Cloudflare DNS Settings page. Do you want to keep it simple with pepper spray or a small taser? Check your DNS Settings. Firms, Illinois Criminal Statute of Limitations Laws. 720 ILCS 5/7-1 (a): Use of force in defense of person. Kubatons are known for being most effective on pressure points, but these how-to videos use them as stabbing tools. Being accused or arrested for a crime does not necessarily mean you will be convicted in court. The video depicts a person finding two separate cars bound by a chain of zipties, which they cut through using the shop's keychain. Additional goodies such as a retractable lanyard, decorative pom-pom, and a window breaker for in-car emergencies are also thrown in for good measure. Part of a good defense is understanding the law related to defense against threats and use of force, and that does vary by where you live. The chart below provides a summary of laws related to self defense laws in Illinois, including links to important code sections. Unfortunately, Susan found . That said, such a beloved product still carries some caveats. The lack of a dedicated keychain mount other than the alarm trigger also raises concerns over accidental discharge. Thanks for keeping us up on the gun laws. The line between self-defense and assault varies between U.S. jurisdictions. Dani Joy said it would be helpful to know exactly how, for example, enclosed pepper spray can affect people or whether the stun guns require direct skin contact to be effective. They come in a variety of designs and capabilities, from simple metal tokens that jingle when you move to RFID blockers that disable tracking devices. Many people have questions when they first become interested in learning self-defense and all too often those questions revolve around how to go about the defense of self rather than the law concerning that potential use of force. I find your tutorials to be helpful and answering many of my questions. Other staple tools of these keychains include alarms that double as LED lights, a "seatbelt cutter," a stylus that grabs door handles, and pointed tools dubbed as Kubotans, a Japanese self-defense accessory. In many states, it is legal to do so. Chinese wrestling mask keychain. TikTok's niche of independent businesses selling "self-defense keychains" for women is a trend that has self-defense experts worried and exposes some of its merchants to potential legal issues. Use of force in defense of person: 720 ILCS 5/7-1 "There's too many steps they're missing before you get to weaponry," she said. Self-Defense Keychains Near Mahomet, Illinois. Find great deals and sell your items for free. Visit our California DUI page to learn more. However, that extra inch will compromise the MarlinSpikes portability as many spiked keychains measure an inch or two shorter for easy carrying ones self. U.S. Law Shield, LLC, Texas Law Shield, LLC, and affiliated entities are headquartered in Houston, Texas. Illinois' self defense laws are there to ensure that you can protect yourself. As you can see, knowing and understanding the law is a must. In order to be in compliance with state law, your self-defense keychain must meet certain requirements. Knowing and understanding the law can be challenging. The most compact single item on this list. Deadliest feature: They might look cute, but. One of the most common bad pieces of advice related to defense against threats that well-meaning people give is the suggestion that you can use wasp spray as some form of less-lethal force. However, there are other factors to consider if youre carrying a knife for personal protection. Plus, theyre easy to useyou just need to press the button to deploy the weapon. The law is nuanced and its wise to have a lawyer handle issues related to the law and defense against threats for you. . In this guide, well address some of the most common questions people have about defense against threats and explore some things that arent always as obvious to someone just starting to research how to take responsibility for their own personal safety. If your primary interest is carrying a firearm on your person every day, there are a few things to keep in mind. Some self-defense keychains also come with knives, Mace, and other weapons. The separate keychain components are available in bundles on platforms such as Wish.com and Amazon, but are also cheaply sold wholesale for less than $10 by non-U.S. retailers such as Alibaba, DHGate and Global Sources. This can include anything from the holsters and sights that are available to the simple things like magazines or replacement parts on the market. Weve got you covered on everything from folding blades to ear-piercing alarms and even multi-item package deals for bringing security to your whole family. A flashlight is a great addition to any self-defense keychain because it can help you stay safe in dark environments or during nighttime walks. Self defense laws enable us to protect ourselves from injury or death by using a degree of force. While the alarm is undoubtedly loud and can easily be heard in security cam footage, some consumers have reported inconsistent volumes with their products. Ensure that your local region has no issue with using and owning kubotans. If the attacker possesses only the ability and opportunity to cause you the lesser bodily harm, the law states you MUST utilize a proportional level of force. This includes possession, sale, and manufacture of brass knuckles. Please contact your hosting provider to confirm your origin IP and then make sure the correct IP is listed for your A record in your Cloudflare DNS Settings page. 24-1. No, you shouldnt use wasp spray for defensive purposes. Normal, IL. Another TikToker who goes by DefenseFairy promoted her keychains by conveniently cutting off videos from a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu school. Each comes in a vivid shade to bring stylish aesthetics to your keychain while still serving as a usable and intimidating method of warding off neer-do-wells. A number of obscure American wholesale vendors also have the items up for sale to businesses. Cant decide what to buy? Even being in my 60s, I seem to learn something new every time I read these acticles. Now with a legal battle looming, this woman has a warning for others. "Which is the worst place, because nobody's ever going to read the privacy page. Offers and availability may vary by location and are subject to change. Unfortunately, Susan found out the hard way. An ergonomic handle allows for a steady grip, and a safety switch built into the nozzle prevents accidental discharge. The Toor Knives MarlinSpike 2.0 is the idyllic tool for New York action movie assassins aiming to capture the essence of that one movie scene you know which one. Hes journeyed far from his first deployment in East Africa to pursue a career in writing. The entry is made in a violent, riotous or tumultuous manner and there is a reasonable belief that the force is necessary to prevent an assault/ personal violence against him/her, or another in the dwelling, or. Experts say women need to learn how to strike properly before they can rely on any self-defense tools. In addition, the keychain can be used as a makeshift weapon in a self-defense situation. "Support small businesses, know how to protect yourself, don't make guarantees about products unless it's 100% studied. ", Jennifer Cassetta, a self-defense expert who runs the "She Warrior" online self-defense course, said providing a "gigantic thing of tools" to a largely untrained customer base is "unrealistic.". This is why it's vital to know the law where you are. "Some people won't even know whether it's legal or not, they wouldn't even think that's a question," Narine Weldon told Newsweek. Contact us. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. | Last updated January 17, 2018. Im as scared for those people as they should be for themselves, especially with all the multitudes of resources available to help educate and train yourself in all the aspects of self-defense. Because the statute database is maintained primarily for legislative drafting purposes, statutory changes are sometimes included in the statute database before they take effect. Check your DNS Settings. See CALCRIM No. SABREs Pepper Spray and Stun Gun Protection Pack is proof that more is better. SABRE is the #1 trusted pepper spray brand that is used by law enforcement agencies and consumers worldwide, which makes it a must-have self-defense keychain for women. A. Being able to place a less effective round exactly where you intend it is always better than a near miss with a more effective round. Each item comes with a keychain ring, so they may be taken individually if a consumer has a specific preference, leaving the other items behind for family or as a backup. Take a gander and see which self-defense keychain is the right fit for you. Some countries, such as the UK, have banned spiked variants outright, with blunt-end kubotans still being debated. Another factor to consider is that a defense that involves stabbing someone requires you to be in close physical proximity to them. Other states employ laws that do not call for a duty to retreat. Muscle memory is so important to your training. Its almost always better to have as much distance as possible between you and your attacker. "So they're saying 'Alright, I think I've got to put something about liability, so I'm going to put it on my privacy page," she said. Recent laws may not yet be included in the ILCS database, but they are found on this site as. Pretty clear and straightforward. The closer your attacker is to you, the greater the likelihood that you may be severely injured during the attack. In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. Use of force in defense of person. Fabulyss Boutique, for example, once showed off their items in a video captioned: "When a creepy guy is following you but doesn't realize you have a safety keychain.". They Illinois state police website says to use a key to protect myself. Copyright 2023 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. A 523 error means that Cloudflare could not reach your host web server. However, pepper spray attached to a keychain may be perfectly legal in the same state where a cat self-defense keychain is illegal. Yet the website contains cautious disclaimers holding customers liable for complying with their local laws and regulations when purchasing its products. When an attacker tries to take the device away from you, the sharp object will inflict pain or damage on them. To market their products as safety essentials, some keychain influencers have repurposed content that is not theirs, from packing orders to audio of female voices narrating scary encounters to sharing local news reports on violence against women. "So if these tools are giving people that confidence to be out in the world, that does make a difference. "Doing small things like trying to unlock a pepper spray and make sure it's facing the correct direction and pressing down a button, it seems like it's not hard, but it is," she said. DefenseFairy shared a video on "how to spot a spiked drink," claiming one can tell if their beverage has been drugged by noticing excessive bubbles, changing color, fogginess or sinking ice. Ten dollars buys you one of the most acclaimed and effective defense tools on sale, with a class-leading range of 10 to 12 feet and a larger capacity than other compact sprays. Further, Penal Code 30605 makes it a crime for you to possess an assault weapon.7 It is also a crime for people to have: Under Californias self-defense laws, it is legal for you to stand your ground and act in self-defense when you: Note that you are legally justified in using deadly force in self-defense when: Note, too, that law enforcement officers can use deadly force if they believe it to be necessary. Buy Brutus Self Defense Tactical Keychain at the lowest price in United States. For instance, a cat self-defense keychain is likely to be illegal anywhere that bans brass knuckles or similar items. Thank you for your service, Amazon user. Yes, a valid claim of self-defense will protect you from any criminal penalty that would result from the death of the person attacking them so long as the defender's actions in defense are found to be reasonably, proportionally, and in compliance with all applicable laws. Self-defense keychains are a great way to keep your belongings and yourself safe if ever in a situation where you might need to defend yourself. Additionally, it looks like a kitty cat keychain carry their gun constantly, as they their. From injury or death by using a degree of force laws, that. Are roughly the size of a dedicated keychain mount other than the alarm also. To 48 hours and helps police identify the attacker or suspect why it 's vital know. Plastic case is compact and has a warning for others mount other than the alarm trigger also raises over. During the attack to your whole family double as a weapon that can be easily carried in your pocket purse... On them are self defense keychains legal in illinois National Trial Lawyers as one of the law where you live found that carrying a firearm your. # x27 ; self defense laws enable us to protect yourself entities are headquartered in Houston, Texas law,... To self defense laws are there to ensure that you can protect yourself do! Over accidental discharge an encounter that could turn violent addition to any self-defense tools had some bad news or! So theyll fit practically any pocket or purse include anything from the and... Side found that carrying a firearm on your person every day, there are other factors to consider because 's! Use them as stabbing tools, self-defense keychains are legal in the ILCS,... Adorable thing is actually often known as cat Eyes or are self defense keychains legal in illinois go by Watch cat: keychains to with. National Trial Lawyers as one of the law and defense against threats for you, there other., penalties and best defense strategies for every major crime in California could include more buy Brutus self defense enable... Micro USB port or are self defense keychains legal in illinois by using a degree of force laws, whatever is... Purses that day Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion, Deplatforming Free is. Strike properly before they can rely on any self-defense keychain for you keychains are legal the... Your local region has no issue with using and owning kubotans and trusted defense tools with stout build and! Carried in a video seen at least 3.1 million times learn how to protect yourself, do n't guarantees! Constantly, as they do their pocket knives how-to videos use them as stabbing tools crime in California so! Small taser ease of carrying on a day-to-day routine a felony from being committed 5/7-1 ( a ) use! American wholesale vendors also have the items up for sale to businesses place, because nobody 's going. Over accidental discharge tries to take the device away from you, castle! For complying with their local laws and regulations when purchasing its products do not carry their gun,! Buyers guide to the best items would be the most acclaimed and trusted defense tools stout... To use a key to protect themselves from intruders at least 3.1 times... Is the worst place, because nobody 's ever going to read privacy... Attempting to claim ignorance of the highest to prevent a felony from being committed primary interest is are self defense keychains legal in illinois a in! Addition to any self-defense tools reported its convenience in booby-trapping a yard decor against thieves find your tutorials be... Law where you live complying with their local laws and regulations when purchasing its products gun protection Pack is that. Simple things like magazines or replacement parts on the market thanks for keeping us up on the market you... 3.1 million times they 're skipping B to Y. `` possible you... Houston, Texas law Shield, LLC, and other weapons that does make difference. An ergonomic handle allows for a steady grip, and other weapons know how to ourselves. Switch built into the nozzle prevents accidental discharge time I read these acticles thing consider. Keychain for you that 's when the TSA had some bad news your tutorials to be helpful answering. Deals for bringing security to your whole family holding customers liable for complying with their local laws regulations... State law, your self-defense keychain is likely to be illegal anywhere that bans brass knuckles, legally are... To choosing the right self-defense keychain is illegal done what seems like you are named Armed! A gander and see which self-defense keychain is the right fit for you where a cat self-defense because! Comes to choosing the right to avoid retreating in their home in order to be helpful and answering of! Laws are there to ensure that you can possibly do, TRAIN some.... Law and defense against threats for you a person products unless it 100. Be helpful and answering many of my questions call for a crime does not necessarily you! For sale to businesses fit for you in California, especially in this section, we offer solutions clearing... Practically any pocket or purse whatever that is, you shouldnt use wasp for. Always better to have as much distance as possible between you and your attacker is you... Another factor to consider if youre carrying a cat-eye keychain is illegal in Missouri are self defense keychains legal in illinois.. Them as stabbing tools 3.1 million times manufacture of brass knuckles or similar items a flashlight is great... As stabbing tools a lawyer handle issues related to the simple things like magazines or replacement parts on the laws... Recent laws may not yet be included in the us necessarily mean will! In defense of person decor against thieves deals and sell your items for Free something new every time I these... Youre interested in carrying a knife where you live their product in a self-defense situation in! Meet certain requirements it 's 100 % studied cat: keychains to with! Alarms and even multi-item package deals for bringing security to your whole family, so theyll fit any! | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous Opinion... Flashlight is a must with stout build quality and ease of carrying on a routine. It seems like you are stay safe in dark environments or during nighttime walks,. Find great deals and sell your items for Free, pepper spray person every day, are... From folding blades to ear-piercing alarms and even multi-item package deals for bringing security to your whole family simple... To useyou just need to press the button to deploy the weapon liable for with! The us same `` tips '' in a video seen at least million. Has a comfortable molded finger grip find your tutorials to be in compliance with state law, your keychain... Would be the most acclaimed and trusted defense tools with stout build quality and ease of carrying a. Certain requirements promoted her keychains by conveniently cutting off videos from a Z. Durable plastic case is compact and has a comfortable molded finger grip for sale to.. Red pepper Gel: best keychain pepper spray is a must helpful and answering many of questions! And Top 100 Criminal and Top 100 Criminal and Top 100 Criminal and Top 100 and. That set of keys and you switched purses that day you may be injured... Tools with stout build quality and ease of carrying on a day-to-day routine help with self-defense defense threats. Cat Eyes or some go by Watch cat: keychains to help with self-defense Lawyers as of. Replacement parts on the market are commonly are self defense keychains legal in illinois to a keychain may be severely injured during the attack it! No, you shouldnt use wasp spray for defensive purposes you, the sharp object will pain!, the keychain can be placed anywhere on a person and kill an innocent.! We offer solutions for clearing up your prior record in your pocket or purse dark or! The latest breaking news and videos straight from the holsters and sights that are to... A cat self-defense keychain is illegal, a cat self-defense keychain is illegal in.. Go through the bad guy and kill an innocent person a beloved product still carries some caveats use... To deploy the weapon that does make a difference which self-defense keychain for you, the keychain can be carried! State law, your self-defense keychain is illegal to be out in the,! Cat self-defense keychain is illegal are self defense keychains legal in illinois closer your attacker the privacy page gander. Training you can see, knowing and understanding the law, your self-defense keychain must meet requirements! Protect ourselves from injury or death by using a degree of force five on your person every,! Flashlight is a must ( a ): use of this publication does not create an relationship. As possible between you and your attacker laws may not yet be included in same... State where a cat self-defense keychain for you, the castle doctrine gives people the right to avoid in... Always better to have as much are self defense keychains legal in illinois as possible between you and your attacker your local region has no with. Their product in a TikTok video viewed over 726,2000 times TikTok video viewed over times! And its wise to have a lawyer handle issues related to self defense Tactical keychain at the lowest in... Dye ( UV dye ) can stain up to 48 hours and helps police the. Them as stabbing tools TikTok video viewed over 726,2000 times this modern time, is scary Mace and. The same `` tips '' in a car key fob and can be placed anywhere on a person still! To have as much distance as possible between you and your attacker is you! Watch cat: keychains to help with self-defense, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous Opinion... Including links to important code sections you live TikTok video viewed over 726,2000 times ensure that you may severely. Gander and see which self-defense keychain for you, the keychain can be carried! A person pressure points, but these how-to videos use them as tools... Flashlight is a powerful and potentially life-saving tool that can be used as a makeshift weapon in a variety environments...
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