In the first, he arrived in Cambridge in 1837, fresh from a six-year professorship at Bowdoin College. After a brief period of boarding on Professors Row in Cambridge, Longfellow found lodging in the Craigie mansion on Brattle Street, occupying the room that had once been George Washingtons headquarters. (Even The Birds of Killingworth was adapted from an English story.) Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow Descends the snow. New England storytelling traditions also engaged Longfellows attention in these years. [26] In Madrid, he spent time with Washington Irving and was particularly impressed by the author's work ethic. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807 in Portland, to Stephen and Zilpah Longfellow. A project already well in hand that he was able to bring to completion was Tales of a Wayside Inn, the first part of which appeared in 1863. Bowdoin College, when Henry and Stephen Longfellow arrived for the fall 1822 term, was a small and isolated school with a traditional curriculum and conservative Congregational leadership. It comes not back again. [50] The Southern Literary Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our American poets". She helps professionals and business owners speak with confidence - from stepping on stage to speaking on podcasts to showing up online and in the boardroom. Longfellow thanked his readers in the Dedication to The Seaside and the Fireside (1849), which assured all those distant friends responsive to his poetry that If any thought of mine, or sung or told, / Has ever given delight or consolation, / Ye have repaid me back a thousand-fold, / By every friendly sign and salutation. As the title indicates, this book maintained a balance between poems of nature invoking in various ways the poets Portland boyhood and oceanic travels and poems of home lifenotably Resignation, an elegy for his year-old daughter Fanny. [2] He grew up in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House. His original works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline.He was the first American to completely translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one of the fireside poets from New England.. Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, which was then still part of . While coping with private tragedy at home, he suffered the additional trauma of the Civil War. Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, which was then still part of Massachusetts. Similar to an epic, a narrative poem tells a story. That poem appeared in one of those assemblages of short poems, identified as Birds of Passage, that Longfellow introduced in The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems and returned to frequently in subsequent volumes. Learn more about narrative poetry here. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - whose 200th birthday bicentennial is this month - has had four. [30] During his years teaching at the college, he translated textbooks from French, Italian, and Spanish;[31] his first published book was a translation of the poetry of medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique in 1833. 20th-century poets such as Robert Frost, Robert Lowell, and Howard Nemerov have been kinder to Longfellow than literary critics and historians. [114] Longfellow's friend Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. wrote of him as "our chief singer" and one who "wins and warms kindles, softens, cheers [and] calms the wildest woe and stays the bitterest tears! [50] Poet John Greenleaf Whittier said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature". Page III CONTENTS. [148], "Henry Wadsworth" redirects here. [18], After graduating in 1825, Longfellow was offered a job as professor of modern languages at his alma mater. [105], He was important as a translator; his translation of Dante became a required possession for those who wanted to be a part of high culture. [100] He often used allegory in his work. [33] It may have been joyless work. Longfellow was more at home in Evangeline (1847), a narrative poem that reached almost every literate home in the United States. [83] In 1874, Samuel Ward helped him sell the poem "The Hanging of the Crane" to the New York Ledger for $3,000; it was the highest price ever paid for a poem. Hundreds of editions, translations, and imitations followed, and Evangeline won admiration in Europe (from which Longfellow drew some of his sources) as well as the United States. [24] He traveled to France, Spain, Italy, Germany, back to France, then to England before returning to the United States in mid-August 1829. Flashcards. In Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and Germany he was welcomed and honored. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). She died shortly after 10 the next morning, July 10, after requesting a cup of coffee. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from Harvard in 1859. He graduated from Bowdoin College and became a professor there and, later, at Harvard College after studying in Europe. Born on February 27, 1807, in Portland (while Maine was still a part of Massachusetts), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow grew up in the thriving coastal city he remembered in My Lost Youth (1856) for its wharves and woodlands, the ships and sailors from distant lands who sparked his boyish imagination, and the historical associations of its old fort and an 1813 offshore naval battle between American and British brigs. [6], Longfellow was descended from English colonists who settled in New England in the early 1600s. [44] The home was built in 1759 and was the headquarters of George Washington during the Siege of Boston beginning in July 1775. A sociable man known for his graciously winning manners, Longfellow took pleasure in associations with other literary figures through the Saturday Club, founded about 1855 for monthly dinner meetings, and the Atlantic Club, which brought together contributors to the Atlantic Monthly after its launching in 1857. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. But when Henry was a senior at Bowdoin College at 19, the college established a chair of modern languages. Resuming friendship with Fanny and Mary Appleton and their brother Tom, Longfellow was crushed by Fannys rejection of his 1837 marriage proposal. Match. from. After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry for a time and focused on translating works from foreign languages. New Critics looked for ironies, ambiguities, and complexities not discoverable in Longfellows work and rejected the didactic conclusions he typically tacked onto his poems. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. In turn, he received homage from practitioners of other arts: composers set many of his poems to music, and artists illustrated many of his scenes. [41] He was deeply saddened by her death and wrote: "One thought occupies me night and dayShe is dead She is dead! Written for the 15th reunion of his Bowdoin College class, it is a memorable reflection on aging and is Longfellows most admired ode. Like several other poems, this celebration of familial happiness from the time of a couples wedding until their golden anniversary appeared in a separate illustrated edition before it was collected. Longfellow himself may have recognized that the sections did not cohere and that the historical sequence ended in anticlimax; he thought of adding another drama on the Moravians of Bethlehem to show the positive influence of the Gospel, but he never carried out his intention. He was still writing learned essays for the North American Reviewthis time concentrating attention on Teutonic languages, including Swedish and early English. Public speaking provided other outlets for Henrys artistic and rhetorical skills at Bowdoin: in his Junior Exhibition performance he anticipated The Song of Hiawatha (1855) by speaking as a North American Savage in a dialogue with an English settler, and his commencement address argued for redirection of national values in support of Our American Authors. [106] He encouraged and supported other translators, as well. 25K. Most of his publications for the next few years involved textbooks for students of Spanish, French, and Italian. She named this second son among her eight children for her brother, Henry Wadsworth, who had died in Tripoli harbor in 1804. [36] Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose pieces in 1833 inspired by Irving, including "The Indian Summer" and "The Bald Eagle". Maybe Longfellow exaggerated the heroic story of Paul Revere. He was too restless to take a carriage and walked 90 minutes to meet her at her house. Always a writer at heart, when Henry wasn't in school he and his childhood friend, William Browne, planned . 1860. Some years after Longfellows death a violent reaction set in against his verse as critics dismissed his conventional high-minded sentiments and the gentle strain of Romanticism that he had made so popular. In the fall of 1822, 15-year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, along with his brother Stephen. . Members included Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest friend over the next 30 years. [dropcap letter="O"]n a fine September morning in 1822 the fast stagecoach from Portland to Brunswick was . literary; his mother often read to him and his father supplied him with many books How many languages did Longfellow speak? The family soon moved to a house on Congress Street, now known as the Wadsworth Longfellow Home. " I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day " is a Christmas carol based on the 1863 poem "Christmas Bells" by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. . Whereas 19th-century readers had savored the sentimental charms of The Childrens Hour, readers of today look for personal confessions of a sort Longfellow held in reserve; two sonnets particularly admired today for their courageous yet artistically controlled revelations of personal pain, Mezzo Cammin and The Cross of Snow (composed 1879), both appeared posthumously. English Poetry III: From Tennyson to Whitman. On the advice of George Ticknor of Harvard, Longfellow decided to add German to French, Spanish, and Italian. After residing in Europe for four years to qualify for the Chair of Modern Languages in that College, he entered upon the duties of the same. 1909-14. American poet and educator. A revised edition of Hyperion followed in 1869. To aid him in perfecting the translation and reviewing proofs, he invited friends to meetings every Wednesday starting in 1864. [128] He added, "Longfellow was no revolutionarie: never traveled new paths: of course never broke new paths. was also enrolled. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth , D.C.L. Now that fiction and cinema have all but replaced poetry as storytelling media, the narrative poems that accounted in large measure for Longfellows appeal to his contemporary readers are represented in anthologies by only a few short examples, such as The Wreck of the Hesperus and Paul Reveres Ridepoems that make Longfellow seem more narrowly New England in his perspective than would The Saga of King Olaf or Hiawatha among his longer poems or The Skeleton in Armor or The Leap of Roushan Beg (1878) among the shorter ones. He became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas. [101] Many of the metaphors that he used in his poetry came from legends, mythology, and literature. Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. The marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners and brought Longfellow the domestic stability he had missed. In 1845, he published The Poets and Poetry of Europe, an 800-page compilation of translations made by other writers, including many by his friend and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. 6 Oct 1779 in New Ipswich, NH, d. 14 Jul 1861 in Boston, Suffolk Co., MA, and Maria Theresa Gold b. Hoffmann, and Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg)that awakened a new sense of poetry as emotional expression. See also the Longfellow entry in DLB 59: American Literary Critics and Scholars, 1800-1850. Longfellow began publishing his poetry in 1839, including the collection Voices of the Night, his debut book of poetry. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five members of the group known as the . PAPERS: The chief repository of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's papers and manuscripts is the Houghton Library, Harvard University. This harsh critical assessment, which tried to reduce him to the status of a mere hearthside rhymer, was perhaps as unbalanced as the adulation he had received during his lifetime. [120] John Greenleaf Whittier suggested that it was this massive correspondence which led to Longfellow's death: "My friend Longfellow was driven to death by these incessant demands". Restless and sorrowful, Longfellow then set out alone to travel through the Tyrol and Switzerland. About this Poet. Longfellow saw the . Fanny is also credited with directly inspiring two poems that emerged from their wedding trip The Arsenal at Springfield, the peace poem she requested, and The Old Clock on the Stairs; both poems appeared in The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems (1845; copyright 1846). [145] Children adored him; "The Village Blacksmith"'s "spreading chestnut-tree" was cut down and the children of Cambridge had it converted into an armchair which they presented to him. [57], The small collection Poems on Slavery was published in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. During his lifetime Longfellow was loved and admired both at home and abroad. American advantage: a teacher of the year urges us not to squander the gift of many languages That was the Iroquoian Hiawatha--the real Hiawatha, if you will--until Henry Wadsworth Longfellow came along and published The Song of Hiawatha in 1855. He wrote to friend Charles Sumner: "I do not believe anyone can be perfectly well, who has a brain and a heart". "[113], Longfellow's early collections Voices of the Night and Ballads and Other Poems made him instantly popular. [10] He published his first poem in the Portland Gazette on November 17, 1820, a patriotic and historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond". Soon afterward, however, he returned to the most American of topics in The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and to the interest in American indigenous peoples he had earlier shown at Bowdoin and in To the Driving Cloud (1845). Birth Year: 1807. In this essay, the author. [73] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained the story differently some 50 years later, claiming that there had been no candle or wax but that the fire had started from a self-lighting match that had fallen on the floor. His original works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. Though its account of Reveres ride is historically inaccurate, the poem created an American legend. He stifled the flames with his body, but she was badly burned. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , Voices of the Night. Longfellow returned to this theme three years later in his last major prose composition, Kavanagh, A Tale (1849). His father, Stephen Longfellow, was an attorney and a Harvard graduate active in public affairs. All day I am weary and sad". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow/Prini. 791. 10. [82] By 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000. Longfellow attended private schools and the Portland Academy. He spoke at least eight languages well and could . M. Brook Taylor, "The Poetry and Prose of History: W. S. Tryon, "Nationalism and International Copyright: Tennyson and Longfellow in America,", Edward L. Tucker, "References in Longfellow's, S. Ullmann, "Composite Metaphors in Longfellow's Poetry,", Hyatt H. Waggoner, "Five New England Poets: The Shape of Things to Come," in his, Thomas Wortham, "William Cullen Bryant and the Fireside Poets," in. It was reported that 10,000 copies of The Courtship of Miles Standish sold in London in a single day. [74] Longfellow was awakened from his nap and rushed to help her, throwing a rug over her, but it was too small. [104] Even so, he called for the development of high quality American literature, as did many others during this period. tags: poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on this day in 1807, in Portland, Maine. [132] A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow? [39] In October 1835, his wife Mary had a miscarriage during the trip, about six months into her pregnancy. [3] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a passenger on the Mayflower. [126] At Longfellow's funeral, his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "a sweet and beautiful soul". Died on March 24, 1882 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. However, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild that even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast". Wife of Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Fanny Longfellow (1817-1861), wife of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, was a skilled artist and was well-read in many subjects. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Despite the frustrations Longfellow experienced in his new vocation, there was personal happiness. The Warning, written last but drawn in part from his Harvard Phi Beta Kappa poem, concluded this slim volume with the image of a poor, blind Samson in this land capable someday of shaking the pillars of this Commonweal, / Till the vast Temple of our liberties / A shapeless mass of wreck and rubbish lies. The book pleased abolitionist readers such as Longfellows good friend Charles Sumner and the New England Anti-Slavery Tract Society, which Longfellow allowed to reprint and distribute the volume free of royalties; it puzzled other friends such as Hawthorne, however, and called attention to its authors lively interest in public issues that rarely found direct expression in his poetry. In an age that judged literature largely in moral terms as expressive of an authors personal virtues, Longfellow became a kindly, sympathizing, gently encouraging friend to an everyman reader. Narrative poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 - 1882) was America's most beloved nineteenth-century poet, . He toured Europe between 1826 and 1829, and upon returning, went on to become the first professor of modern . Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" exemplify this form. a Lady, on Being Asked my Reason for Quitting England in the Sprin 11. [53] In July 1839, he wrote to a friend: "Victory hangs doubtful. He was so fluent in translating that on graduation he was offered a professorship in modern languages provided that he would first study in Europe. 1835 Some attribute the phrase to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who wrote in 1835, "Music is the universal language of mankind,poetry their universal pastime and delight."* The book appeared in late October and was in its sixth edition by mid-January. Near Interlaken he met Nathan Appleton, a wealthy Boston merchant, and continued his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family. He began working on a dramatic poem about Puritan persecution of the Quakers, which was eventually included in one of the three New England Tragedies within Christus. There he settled down to his professorial duties at Harvard, freed from some of the Bowdoin drudgery but still feeling oppressed by responsibilities to supervise native-language instructors and provide some basic instruction himself in each of the languages in the curriculum of the university while preparing lectures on European literatures. What is Longfellow's full name? To a Lady 5. There is little action in the story as Longfellow tells it: the Acadians submit quietly to British tyranny; Gabriels adventures take place out of sight; and Evangelines quest involves a good deal of travel, admittedly, but no conflict. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 - March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. [137] In the 20th century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings. [19] About 24 of them were published in the short-lived Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette. on 13 Jul 1843 in Cambridge, Middlesex Co., MA; they had the following. [20] He gave the student commencement address. Death Year: 1882. [78] He expressed his grief in the sonnet "The Cross of Snow" (1879) which he wrote 18 years later to commemorate her death:[43], Longfellow spent several years translating Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. Before he settled down in the university town of Gttingen, to which Ticknor had directed him, Longfellows approach to language acquisition was less systematic than impressionistic and even desultory. by. [109] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better things of you than this You are wasting time that should be bestowed upon original production". In a word, we want a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. Longfellow intended the anthology "to bring together, into a compact and convenient form, as large an amount as possible of those English translations which are scattered through many volumes, and are not accessible to the general reader". Ultima Thule (1880), the title of which signaled his expectation that it would be his last collection, featured such lyrics as The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls (1879) and LEnvoi. 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