A family tree is a diagram that shows the relationships between people in your family. The booming noise from the top of the hill was again to be heard, and It seemed to become louder and louder. All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. The lamentation at the grave and the chopping of heads.and burning of arms was something not easily to be forgotten. The dead were carried from miles around to be buried in these places. No one worried about a Coronial inquiry in those days. . These pieces of bark about 9 inches or a foot long, and 2 or 3 inches wide, are cut off trees or saplings for the purpose. Daily Performances at the Main Camp.- Every day the men go out hunting,, and meet each other in the evening an hour or so before sundown at the goonambang. But very seldom did they eat them raw. As soon as they are covered over, the women keep up a humming noise the same as they did on the morning the novices were taken away from the kackaroo. 101 0 obj <>stream Possibly their country south of the Hunter joined that of the Darkning. This continued until the grass began to shoot on the grave, and then one night the tribe suddenly disappeared and we saw nothing of them for several months. The PCWP has askedfederal Environment Minister Sussan Ley to use Aboriginal heritage laws to protect the countryside around Ravensworth from further mining. The gins peeled the bark off the long straight limbs of the white myrtle and soak it in water holes till the brown skin came off. In 1999 the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation acquired the site of the former St Clair Mission where their forebears lived. The blacks living in the district that extends from just about where Brookfield now is to the headwaters of the Chichester and the Williams belonged to a tribe known as the Gringai. I do not hesitate to say that so long as the present prosperity continues we shall have no outbreaking with the blacks, for it was starvation alone that drove them to perform the cruel act they did two years ago. Then two men proceeded to the camp of the females, two or three hundred yards distant, and marched them and the children with their heads prone to the circle, where they were made to lie down and be covered up with boughs, rugs, bark, and whatever was at hand. Before I left Port Stephens for Queensland, in 1873 I went to a good deal of trouble to make a written record At the date of my birth. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The other piece would be thinner, and rounded In a blunt point. Figure 12: The men and novices silently surround the women at the Kweealbang. There are hardly any left, except in odd places, just a wreck of what they were. Amid dust, sparks and smoke this wild revel went on until the fire was completely obliterated. The canoes were greatly prized by them and were so fragile that they would not stand rough usage. When the prongs were properly fashioned and barbed, the head would be fitted to the shaft with fibre cord and gum from the grass tree. The 1923 Dutton Family Tree Mystery . The station teamster, returning with supplies signalled his approach in the time- honored custom of cracking his bullock whip and bullock whips those far-away days were no doubt just as effective instruments as they are to-day in the back country centres of Australia. The Australian Museum holds a collection of about 300 Indonesian textiles. A party of whites rode up the Cobark River and fought a pitched battle with the tribe that had come over Mount Moonee, and killed over 50 of them, losing 7 or 8 of their own men. The fear that this race inspired in the natives of localities adjoining their boundaries reached as far as Dungog, and twenty years ago when Brandy was the last of his tribe in the district he would often mention with apparently genuine fear, the possibility of a raid by the wild blacks from the west. A circle of eighty to ninety feet in diameter was dug, or scratched, on a level piece of ground, leaving a space of four or five feet undisturbed to enter the circle by. During winter would hunt kangaroos, emus, possums and wombats, fish and other animals. hbbd``b`$AC $ IuK`R"sDlqXLW@z%3.` /1 This unfor- tunate circumstance has given the blacks more courage, and their depredations are becoming more formidable, so that several respectable persons who have stations on the Manning have lately called on me and [called] for protection, but I could only refer them to Captain King, the Commissioner for the Australian Agricultural Company. Another group, the Wanaruah Local Aboriginal Land Council, declined to be interviewed, but it wasunderstoodthe group believed evidence of a massacre on the site was inconclusive. The kangaroo, practically ex- tinct about Port Stephens now was in the middle decade of last century, the favorite food of the blacks. Never once In all my life at Carrington did I ever see a [child] slapped or chastised, and the younger fry could be mischievous and very trying on occasions. A timeline of Australian Museum exhibitions, events, cultural object and policies connected to Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. The spelling is as was recorded by the various sources. On riding about I noticed a large gum-tree deeply carved with hieroglyphics, which I was informed was a record for future generations that a bumbat had been celebrated. Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. It is possible that this was the party of twenty six soldiers under Captain Reynolds mentioned by Gordon Bennett and probably one of the grim expeditions of extermination mentioned but not described by him. There was a good reason fo r this, as the longer handle gave. The back of this shelter is towards the womens camp. Wauk Ivory as its name signifies, was the scene of a very big tribal fight in which the Kabooks utterly routed the Wallambas, as the latter never afterwards encroached upon the formers territory, but the casualties are of course unknown to us. . [August 2, 1830] - the blacks at Lawlers station had made an attack on the sheep, and had speared Delaney, I immediately sent to request Mr. Donelan to. This was usually done immediately after birth by the mother or some of the old women of the tribe, and as tho practice is common among blacks in all parts of the continent it can be accepted that this marked feature of the aboriginal physiognomy is thought to be beautiful. It was there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. Strings are bound tightly round the upper arms of the novices to make their muscles swell, which is supposed to cause their arms to grow stronger. Their songs consisted mostly of a few lines, repeat- ed over and over again, with a loudly shouted wy-yahng as a re- frain. and the only cessation was when all burst into screams of laughter. Hunger made the poor savage mad, but I trust that will not be his fate again. Of course, the poor devils paid very dearly for this as the whites practically massacred the whole lot of them at MacKenzie Cliffs (Kerripit River), in 38. I happened to have a few emu feathers stuck in the band of my hat as an ornament. She was Indeed a wonderfully lucky fisher. The fury of the elements seldom disturbed them. When the boys have been sufficiently smoked, their guardians take them away, and they are followed by the other men for about 100 yards. In some other tribes there are series of sub-branches identified distinctively with their animal or bird totem, these groups being subject to rigid rules as re-gards inter-marriage, food taboos, and other things. Eather, and a description of the last combined Bora ceremony on the family property in 1852. While the women used the lines, the men mostly fished with the spear, and they were extraordinarily skilful. The massacre at Kiripit occurred in 35, and resulted in the death of five of Mackenzies convict shepherds. When not in use for this purpose the peg was kept in the cartilage of the nostrils which were pierced for the purpose. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 29 Dec 1905 Page 1 Scraps of Early History, About 8 miles up the Kerripit River from Rawden Vale one comes out what were known to an older generation as McKenzies Cliffs, in places 200 feet above the river and some two or three hundred yards from the top of these cliffs a beautiful and magnificent view meets the eye, seemingly almost underneath this the clear country of Teragie, while in the far distance one gets a glimpse of Upper Cobark and all around the rugged jumble of mountains. They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. From E. M. McKinlay, Esq., J.P., and C. L. Brown, Esq., Magistrates in the District of Dungog 1845:- https://goo.gl/UqHQ93 :p27. From the time the novices left the kweealbang until now they have been compelled to carry pieces of burning bark everywhere they went, but they are now released from carrying the firebrands any more. xTk ymH,@>p5qG-jpD*. to retire to the river he did not notice that a badly wounded man was left on the field, until he saw a Wallamba man rush out of the scrub and kill him with a nullah. When asked by the manager why he did such a thing the Wallamba man said, I finis him, and ran off again and thus ended the battle of Gloucester, which after all appears to have been a battle of words and much abuse, and not much else. According to the Eather Family, the Bora ceremony was not held on the Meerea property but at another nearby location. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. The blacks attack on Kiripit homestead was averted by the merest accident. Any danger that might have arisen, through residence in malodorous and unhygienic environment was avoided in a very simple and practical fashion. from 1820 to 1921 by A.N. In the meantime the novices, who are now called keeparra, have been taken a short distance from the main camp, where quarters are prepared for them, and their guardians remain with them. Instinct and. . The foreshores were covered with oysters, which formed a staple part of the diet. The lads of the tribe were my playfellows. The twin hills across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal. To-day looking on this quiet and peaceful scene it is hard to believe that where one stand was enacted one of those terrible tragedies that unfortunately too often happened in the early days when the white pioneers were taking up the land and outsing the primitive aboriginals from their hunting grounds. ^ Vz"*+J )dEHgBH]n]L359YbF1yV8(eatI'o This will be seen when the reader has a full account of the Mt. "There seems to be some sort of view that Indigenous groups need to be reaching consensus on all matters," he said. They used to start and cry at nightfall and beginning with a very low moan that would rise to a high shriek. We actively repatriate material from our collections to Indigenous cultural centres and keeping places, and collaborate directly with communities to return significant cultural objects and ancestral remains to their places of origin. The bush abounded with game in the form of kangaroos, wallabies, possums, emus, flying-foxes, wild duck, swans, parrots, pigeons. It focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the health and education of its members and managing investments to sustain the Corporation's work. . The throwers had marvellous command over them, and could actually direct and control their flight in any direction. The third difficulty is the racist presumptions of some of these texts. Note the belt. |Last modifications, Copyright 2000-2022 sensagent Corporation: Online Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Dictionary definitions and more. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Maitland area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley. It was longer and narrower, shaped more like a wedge than the axe of to- day. Man was given the knowledge to read the land and for every rock, tree and creek he found an explanation for existence. Figure 6: Richard Browne (17711824) The illustration above is captioned Niga, Fishing in the surf with his Mutton / Burgon. If any of the boys are very young, they may be required to carry a fire-stick till their hair grows as long as it was before being singed at the water-hole in the bush, as already described. According to oral tradition quite a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police (or soldiers) eventually retreated. 188.-THEHUNTER RIVER. Wading through the complexities of the situation is now the responsibility of Ms Ley. This proved to be the case. Then there was a big log near Mr. Fitzgeralds or Lowerys, which may have been cut by the pioneers themselves. It featured rare objects, new cultural material made by Gadigal Elders, stories, film, songs and 8,000 archaeological pieces. With no knowledge of science to aid them, with only the most primitive ideas of handicraft as white men comprehend it, they could do a vast quantity of very excellent work in a very brief space of time. They, too, were buried at Violet Hill. Suddenly the fearful noises ceased, and all the men rushed out of the ring, and seemed to be engaged in a most fearful fight:.spears and boomerangs flying about in hundreds. When he had finished, he returned to the sky and people called him the Sky Hero or All Father or Sky Father. Thomas Rodwell being sworn, saidI am a free man residing at Mr. Mackenzies establishment at Williams River; Mr. M. is resident magistrate there; on a Thursday morning in April, about two oclock, I was awoke by two of Mr. Archibald Mossmans men, who informed me on the previous night they had been attacked by a party of blacks, and that they expected before they returned to the station, the remainder of the men there would be murdered by them; the distance between the two stations, is about seven miles; I acquainted Mr. M. of the circumstance, and he gave me some arms and ammunition, and told me if I could find any men on his or Mr. Mossmans stations, to take them with me, and apprehend two or three of the depredaters; I mustered seven stand of arms and ammunition; I and the two men, who came with the information there, went to Mr. Mossmans, where we obtained six other men, making in the whole party nine persons, all of whom were armed save two, and we then went to the blacks camp, which was about two miles from Mr. Mossmans station [on the opposite bank of present day Seaham], near a small creek; when we arrived there, we saw about 20 black men; we divided ourselves into two parties; a blackboy, called Lumpy, who we took with us, pointed out the blacks to us; we had seven stand of arms, which we did not conceal from the blacks; the deceased John Flynn, was not in the same party with me, but both parties were to meet before we went up to the blacks, with whom we intended to speak peaceably. 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