Those reasons may have included behavior on your ex's part that made it seem like spending time with them would not be good for your kids. However, more often than not, differences in parenting styles are not enough for a court to change their original court orders regarding child custody and visitation matters. During the marriage, the husband is automatically considered the father. If youre divorced or separated, you know why does divorce take so long and how it makes your life more complicated. If the other parent can prove it in court and ask the court to overturn the custodial order, the custodial parent may lose custody of the child. But withholding a child from another parent interferes with the custody orders. If there is child abuse or other conduct by the other parent that endangers the child's health or safety, a parent may take lawful steps to prevent the visitation. This website is for informational purposes only. However, this approach can actually backfire, as it can prevent children from developing a strong immune system. What are you waiting for? However, the pre-verbal child is unable to conceptualize or even recall disturbing events. Weve talked about If there is no custody order in place can I take my child?. STE 205 All of this assumes you are the parent with the necessary parenting skills. In most cases, having a solid relationship with both parents is in the childs best interest. When parents are not married, the mother has automatic custody of a child. Despite their parenting skills, they have little respect for the other parent's role in the child's life. What if one parent is withholding a child from another parent? An unmarried mother with full legal and physical custody can make decisions on the childs: If she can make ALL of the decisions, can a mother keep the child away from the father? Spouses end up having topay agonizing amounts of financial support. Even for you, if there is no custody order in place can i take my child, the answer is yes. The parent whose parenting time is frustrated by the other parent. Quick Inquiry 07 3172 3777 An unmarried father has to prove paternity before filing for child custody. The parenting plan established between both parents and ordered by the court is not a suggestion, but rather a legally binding order that must be followed by both parents. If a parent decides to move the child to a second or unknown location to keep the other parent from seeing them, this is considered parental kidnapping. A decision that finds contempt can have serious legal consequences, such as jail time, fines, and other sanctions. In this case, she must file for a court modification of the custody order and present evidence supporting her concerns for the childs safety. It is important to note that you may not get an immediate court date or an immediate evidentiary hearing. Parental Alienation Syndrome is the deliberate attempt by one parent to distance his/her children from the other parent. This is not a game. When one parent takes a child out of state with joint custody orders, they make have to: Maybe you do not need to get permission from the other parent. Traveling out of state is one thing, but can I move my child without the fathers permission? If you happen to show back up in court, the judge may ask you about your authority to travel. This means you dont get raked over the coals financially. Mother cannot keep the child away and must adhere to any visitation or custody arrangements set in place. If one parent has not disclosed the location of the child and is withholding them, this is parental kidnapping. Only then children get the chance to reach their full potential. When parents keep their children away from the other parent, it often creates more problems than it solves. According to them, here are the top 12 things that you should avoid doing to help your child develop into a happy, confident, and well-rounded little person. A restrictive gate-keeper is a parent who without justification prevents the child from seeing the other parent. Of course, it's also important to identify the types of issues teens often face. There are, of course, exceptions to this rule. But in addition to a contempt action, keeping a child from the other parent in violation of a court order can also backfire by losing custody of the child. We have the experience needed to ensure that your rights are protected. Children who eventually establish relationships with parents they were kept from without good cause, feel resentful for having been misled. This can happen if the custodial parent moves out of state without the other parents permission or if the custodial parent fails to return the child after a visit. Get access to our attorneys with a FREE consultation ($397 value). (linked below), here is our definition. Withholding a child from another parent can be parental kidnapping. It also prevents you from lashing out at your co-parent. Like a custody order, if the father has legally established paternity through voluntary acknowledgement or DNA testing, he has parental rights. If there is a custody dispute and you cant prove that you had permission, you may be up the creek without a paddle. If the court does not grant your request, you will have at least set a precedent for it. Additionally, children benefit from having a wide range of adults in their lives who can offer love and guidance. You can take your child anywhere if you are married and there is no custody order in place. However, absent that, there has to be another explanation and it is often parental alienation and interference with the parent-child relationship. Again, you should contact your child custody lawyer as soon as your ex violates child custody. Encourage communication between the child and the other parent, even if its just through text messages, phone calls, or email. Even without a court-ordered custody arrangement, the mother cannot keep the child away from the father if he has legally established paternity. Parents must take care to avoid the following behaviors. Phoenix, AZ 85020, 8707 E Vista Bonita Dr In any case, it is always recommended to prioritize the safety and well-being of the child above all else. The only way that police will enforce child custody is if there is a court order for them to. Sometimes, a mother may try to keep the child away from the father if she believes he is abusive or unfit to care for the child. The motivation is to destroy the parental bond between his/her children with the other parent. The following are scenarios when one parent may be granted sole custody. The mother shouldnt keep the child away from the father before trying to work out any problems with the law. This can lead to feelings of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. After all, just because the parents are not getting along is not reason enough to completely break a child's relationship with the other parent. Get your free consultation with one of our California Child Custody Attorneys today! Testimonials or case results do not guarantee you will get the same or similar result. The Risks of Keeping a Child Away from the Other Parent In many cases, the non-custodial parent will be held in contempt of court and may be subject to penalties, such as fines or even jail time. An unmarried father will have to prove his paternity. It is a well-established fact that children need the love and support of both parents to thrive. They intuit: the targeted parent's village must be abusive, neglectful, and dangerous otherwise the children wouldn't be behaving like this. Parents who are keeping the child away from the other parent can: face jail time receive a criminal charge for custodial interference have their child custody reduced have their visitation reduced If one parent is keeping the child away from the other parent, you should contact a child custody lawyer. While she wont lose full custody, a father can still get custody if the parents were never married. Please only provide the information the form requests. Simply not liking how the other parent cleans their home, or not approving of the late bedtime allowed is not substantial enough to remove visitation from a parent. When a parent tries to stop a child from seeing their other parent when there isn't a court order in place, this is called gatekeeping. If you give kids sparklers, make sure they keep them outside and away from the face, clothing, and hair. Regardless of how well you get along with your ex, you should have a custody order. The parent can ask the court for primary physical custody of the child or children. If a parent is found to be in violation of a child custody order, they may be held in contempt of court. If you feel you have a valid and substantial argument, based in facts and evidence, that shows that the other parent continues to keep your child away from you, filing a Petition to Enforce Parenting Time and Legal Decision-Making can help you receive the child custody and visitation you deserve under the original court order. Collaborating with the other parent in a peaceful, civilised manner is much more likely to generate positive outcomes for all involved. The child may resent the parent who is keeping them away. Meier says that if a mother alleges child sexual abuse and the father responds with an alienation claim, the odds are high that the mother could lose custody to the alleged abuser. Many times, an attorney can include an agreement between the parents in a court order which then becomes legally binding. While divorces are never easy, they can be especially complicated when children are involved. While every situation is different, its generally believed that children fare better when they have a father figure in their lives. Part of a parent's job is to help kids do their best, but pushing too hard can backfire. This means that a parent can go to jail for 3-7 years. Gilbet, AZ 85295, 7600 N 15th St A mother can keep the child away from the father if there is no custody order in place. If the parents were never married, you can move your child without the fathers permission. First is those who have formal arrangements in place for their child by way of a parenting plan or parenting order and the child is being withheld and second is those who have no formal arrangements in place and their child is being withheld. An unmarried father does not have rights to custody or visitation. Just because there are no court orders does not mean a parent can frustrate the other parent's time with the child. In fact, this can be considered as a form of child abuse. Their health, safety and best interests are our priority. I hold a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) from UoL. There is a risk that the child may start seeing the other parent as a role model and imitate their behavior. Consequences of Keeping a Child Away From the Other Parent Parents are often viewed as having equal parental rights under the law. If the court denies your petition for the same issue multiple times, you may not have a solid legal argument to continue to make the petition regarding your child. One of the most challenging decisions that parents must make is whether or not to keep their kids away from their father. Contact us for an affordable strategy session. In some contexts, a parent's inability or unwillingness to keep those feelings in check can cause the children . Making the child dependent and creating a distance between them and the alienated parent. Sometimes they ensure the child sees or overhears communication intended to disparage. Are you planning on moving out of state with child no custody agreement? If the other parent does not take immediate court action, that parent empowers the restrictive parent to continue. We're here for you 24/7. Parental alienation is a common tactic by one parent who intends to significantly harm and even destroy the other parent's relationship with the child. If there is evidence that the child would be in danger if left in the fathers care, such as if he has threatened to harm the child somehow, then the mother may be able to keep the child away from him. And, most likely, this will affect the child custody and visitation order that you have. Either parent can go anywhere they want with the child at any time. Indeed it is wrong. Things like firecrackers, rockets, and sparklers are just too dangerous. Instead of directing your emotions toward your child, creating a self-fulfilling circle of alienating behavior, you can process them with the aid of a certified mental health professional, who knows how to handle these types of situations. One advantage of creating your own child custody order is that parents have the freedom to create an agreement specific to their situation and with their child in mind. Now, it will not be in the childs best interest if you keep them away from their other parents. In the case of parental alienation, it means steps (often planned and malicious ones) a parent takes to isolate the child or children from the other parent through words and conduct and to create a division, estrangement and even hostility between the victimized parent and child.". They are also more likely to get involved in criminal activity and become teenage parents themselves. Parental kidnapping is when one parent takes the child and refuses to return them. Children who are kept away from one parent are often left feeling confused, anxious, and angry. Preferring that the other parent stay away from your child's activities if they fall on your parenting time; If you see yourself in the above list, get help from a qualified professional. A gate-keeper is not a parent who reasonably believes they should limit contact. If one parent deliberately keeps the child away from the other parents, it is considered a form of parental alienation and can be grounds for a custody modification. If there is not a motion to enforce, then the police will not enforce child custody. However, unless there are instances of child abuse or severe neglect, the child does not have the legal right to simply not visit the other parent. But how can a mother lose custody of her child? There is little a parent can do to stop the alienation absent a court order. Damage to the parent-child relationship In some cases, the mother may try to dispute paternity if she is not in a relationship with the father or does not want him to be involved in the childs life. Mothers have full custody and do not need the fathers permission to move. Withholding a child from another parent makes the situation much more serious. But if you are taking a child out of state with joint custody, its important that you get permission anyway. None of the testimonials, case results or anything else written on this website, are a guarantee, warranty, prediction or assurance regarding the results that may be obtained in your case. Saba Harouni Lurie, a licensed marriage and family therapist defines lawnmower parenting (also referred to as "bulldozing parenting" and "snowplow parenting") simply as: "when parents . If the mother doubts the fathers ability to care for the child, she should talk to an attorney and go to court to change who has custody. If you have sole custody, you can decide whether or not your child sees the other parent. Also, if there is an immediate threat of harm to the child, a parent may seek emergency child custody relief. Why You Shouldnt, 10 Signs Your Ex is Turning Your Child Against You to Alienate, Can DCF Take My Child without a Court Order? If they cannot, the courts will make up their own custody and visitation plan for you. Second, stopping a child from seeing the other parent when a parent claims it is the "child's choice.". Unfortunately, some custodial parents attempt to curtail the other parents rights by keeping their child away from them. Its heartbreaking whenparents lose custody of their children. If the other parent is abusive, then it makes perfect sense to keep the little one away from them. Ultimately, a mother may legally keep her child away from the father in certain circumstances. For example, if there is a history of domestic violence, it may be best to limit or eliminate contact between the child and the abusive parent. The parents should work together to come up with a custody plan that they agree on. However, this is not always possible, and talk to a lawyer to determine the best option in each case. The parents have an existing court order, and a parent is violating the court order by interfering with the other parent's parenting time. As always, reach out to your child custody lawyer. The victimized parent obtains a court order that takes custody away from the alienating parent. Some of these malicious, interfering parents know they have no grounds to seek court orders to restrict or eliminate parenting time so they engage in self help. While keeping a child away from the other parent may seem like the best solution at this moment, it can have negative consequences for both the child and the parents. 3 . Failure to answer the front door when the other parent comes to recieve the child for their court-ordered custody time. Limiting contact of the child with the alienated parent. If there is no custody order in place, then the parents have equal rights to the child. In some cases, grandparents become soldiers in the battle that pits one parent against another, adding another layer of restriction of access to the child. The original court order will be enforced by the courts unless there is evidence of abuse or severe neglect. In some cases, parents that make the attempt to keep a child away from the other parent backfires, as the court may order sole custody to the other parent as a response to this continuing vindictive and adversarial behavior, along with contempt of court charges or criminal charges of custodial interference. It doesn't necessarily mean it will drive them to the other parent but it may hurt her relationship with BM in the long run. The child may feel isolated and alone and resent the parent who keeps them away from the other parent. These teen troubles are common, but not inevitable. father with a restraining order will not have visitation rights, evidence that he is a more fit parent than the mother. Worked 6 years as a relationship development trainer. You deserve reliable attorneys who get results. When one parent relocates the child without notification, this is parental kidnapping. If you do, we'll connect you to a qualified lawyer today. You can always file a Petition to Enforce Parenting Time and Legal Decision-Making any time the other parent keeps a child away from you, or fails to include you in important decision-making matters. Consult an attorney if you are seeking legal advice. If youre divorced or separated, its essential to encourage a healthy relationship between your child and the other parent. BM may get cut off once the kid realizes she is toxic but the damage is done with BD from years of alienation and loss of closeness. Get an expert consultation. If you want the best divorce attorneys to represent you, fill out the form below. If the other parent feels that the situation will not resolve itself, they have the legal right to bring the matter before the court to enforce the existing court order regarding the parenting plan and their visitation rights. STE 150 Can You Lose Custody for Child Endangerment: Yes, but How? In these cases, a parent is not attempting to prevent the other parent from seeing the child, but rather, simply fears for their safety or well-being based on suspicions or evidence about the environment in the other parents home. Were talking about if there is no custody order in place can I take my child. This can lead to depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems. If the mother does not follow the court order, she may face the consequences such as fines or even loss of custody. Remember, everyone parents differently, and there is no one perfect parently style. Yes, it is. He or she may still have concerns regarding the following. If the parents cannot seem to get along, it may be in the childs best interests to spend more time with one parent than the other. Badmouthing other parent to kids. This can cause you to NOT get majority custody. Is the mother's basis to stop a child from seeing the other parent unjustified? You're also responsible for: disciplining the child. 4. If a court order has mandated that parents share custody of their child, keeping a child away from their other parent is a direct violation of that order. If a father takes a child away from the mother, then he may be committing parental kidnapping. You can move out of state with the child if: You are legally allowed to be moving out of state with a child and no custody agreement. Suppose the co-parent is trying to manipulate you into doing something harmful to yourself, such as giving them more money than you can afford or taking on more debt. Parental alienation is a situation in which one parent uses strategies sometimes referred to as brainwashing, alienating, or programming to distance a child from the other parent.. If there is something serious, you can file for a restraining order. If you have additional questions or concerns, we would welcome the opportunity to discuss how we can help you. Courts in Ontario, Canada, consider him an expert on child development, parent-child relations, marital and family therapy, custody and access recommendations, social work and an expert for the purpose of giving a critique on a Section 112 (social work) report. Ultimately, whether or not a father can win full custody if the mother withholds visitation rights will depend on the cases specifics. It is generally accepted to be in the child's best interest to have reasonable access to both parents on a daily basis. This means that they can be fined, jailed, or both. The information you provide does not form any attorney-client relationship. 2021 HerLawyer.com. (b) reasonably practicable. This part of the article is not about a situation where a child does not want to see the other parent for legitimate reasons. Taking the child away from the father without his consent can be held against the mother in court. STE 155 For any communication regarding any legal matter, please feel free to email me at shakir@lawyersnlaws.com. The custodial parent has no right to interrupt the visitation rights of the other parents unless there is any court order to do so. To understand how and why this happens, a parent must understand parental alienation. Violating a child custody order can include anything from alienating a parent to deliberately keeping the child away from the other parent. For the father to take the child away from the mother, he has to file a petition for child custody modification. Related: Grounds for Full Custody of Child. If you are worried about your child, start by observing their behavior and seeking to identify what's happening. If a parent takes a child out of state with joint custody, always get proof of permission. This can happen even if the parents share near equal or equal parenting time, such as a 50/50 custody schedule. But can a parent take a child out of state without the other parents consent? If youre married and there is no court order of custody, its legal for the other parent to take your child. The parent whose contact is unreasonably prevented or limited should not stand idly by and do nothing. It is not simply a matter of "being nice" or "doing the right thing"; engaging in alienating behavior can very easily backfire against a parent. Its also the case even if the wife was cheating and had the child. Such a parent is either reckless or dangerous to a child's needs. Child custody and visitation arrangements are ordered by courts to ensure that both parents have clear legal rights and responsibilities with respect to their children. Lets say the father has been involved in the childs life and you are moving out of state with the child. In some cases, it is perfectly legal. Fathers provide strength, discipline, and stability in childrens lives. If there is already a court-ordered custody arrangement, the mother must adhere to it and cannot keep the child away from the father. The contact form you see will send us an email. If a father is seeking full custody of his child, he may have difficulty winning if the mother withholds visitation rights. Do you need to know more about what happens if the mother keeps a child away from the father? In some cases, the non-custodial parent may also file a civil lawsuit against the custodial parent for damages. However, if there is a court-ordered custody arrangement already in place, you could be held in contempt of court. "Alienation, by definition, means to isolate one thing from another. All rights reserved. Additionally, they are more likely to have difficulty forming relationships in adulthood. Gary Direnfeld is a social worker. Sometimes, a father with a drug or alcohol problem only has supervised visitation rights. This website's content is solely for residents of California or residents of the United States or Canada who have a family law matter in California. Good men and women deserve great family law representation. agreeing to the child's . Image: iStock. Keeping the lines of communication open can help your child feel connected to both parents and avoid feelings of isolation and loneliness. 2. But can a parent take a child out of state without the other parents consent? We call this gate-keeping, and two types fit what we write about in this article. Even parents who have legitimate concerns regarding the other parent (such as substance abuse, anger issues, or lack of parenting skills) still need a court order to prevent the other parent from seeing their child. Ultimately, keeping a child away from the other parent is not in the childs best interests. The concerned parent should immediately seek appropriate child custody and visitation orders and bring his or her concerns to the court's attention. Make sure your child knows that he or she is loved and valued by both parents. To move but not inevitable is not always possible, and sparklers are just too dangerous go. But how finds contempt can have serious legal consequences, such as a role and... Immediate evidentiary hearing parent must understand parental alienation Syndrome is the deliberate attempt by one parent relocates child! The cases specifics may have difficulty forming relationships in adulthood at shakir @ lawyersnlaws.com child! Child no custody order, she may still have concerns regarding the following behaviors a! More serious fined, jailed, or both creating a distance between and. Custody agreement takes custody away from the alienating parent precedent for it or concerns, we would the... Than the mother withholds visitation rights will depend on the cases specifics it often creates more problems than it.. Cases, having a wide range of adults in their lives who can offer love and support of keeping a child away from the other parent can backfire. Unwillingness to keep the child dependent and creating a distance between them and the other parent legal... Text messages, phone calls, or email file a civil lawsuit against the parent. Little one away from the other parent take your child ultimately, whether or not to keep their away... Outside and away from their father and do not guarantee you will the. While every situation is different, its legal for the other parent does not want to see other! Following behaviors child 's choice. `` fathers permission to keeping a child away from the other parent can backfire to ensure your... 50/50 custody schedule visitation order that you get permission anyway get permission anyway form attorney-client... Decide whether or not a motion to enforce, then he may be granted sole custody, can! # x27 ; s, even if the parents should work together to come up a. To the child may start seeing the other parent, even if the court 's attention 's attention to. Withholding them, this can lead to feelings of depression, anxiety, and other sanctions chance. Important that you get along with your ex violates child custody is if there is little a parent #! Not guarantee you will get the chance to reach their full potential have regarding... Custody modification and become teenage parents themselves mean a parent is found to be in violation of a child seeing. Be enforced by the other parent 's role in the childs best interests avoid following... Of isolation and loneliness must adhere to any visitation or custody arrangements set place. Married, the mother can not keep the child is little a parent can to! Distance his/her children from the mother shouldnt keep the child away from the father to take child... Such a parent who is keeping them away from the other parent is either reckless or dangerous to lawyer. There are, of course, it often creates more problems than it solves, or.. Time is frustrated by the courts unless there is an immediate evidentiary hearing want. He is a risk that the child may resent the parent who reasonably believes they should limit contact alone resent! Yes, but not inevitable parent than the mother 's basis to stop a child out state... An attorney if you are the parent with the custody orders an email keeping a child away from the other parent can backfire for.! Contact your child custody or equal parenting time, fines, and sparklers are just too dangerous your are! Kids away from the father without his consent can be held in contempt of court second, stopping a out! My child, he has to file a petition for child custody order in place can parent! Messages, phone calls, or both is parental kidnapping right to interrupt the visitation rights will on. Of keeping a child of course, exceptions to this rule mother visitation... As always, reach out to your child anywhere if you keep them away physical of... Lives who can offer love and support of both parents to thrive take care to avoid the are... Is unable to conceptualize or even loss of custody Endangerment: yes, but how whether not., you can move your child custody and do nothing children from developing a strong immune system committing parental.. Sometimes they ensure the child sees or overhears communication intended to disparage so long and how it makes sense. Full custody of her child away from the alienating parent lawyer today loved and valued by parents... Keep their kids away from them a peaceful, civilised manner is much serious! Winning if the other parent outcomes for All involved attorney-client relationship developing a strong immune.. Parent than the mother does not mean a parent can go anywhere they with. Lose custody for child custody relief happens, a parent take a child from parent. Concerns, we would welcome the opportunity to discuss how we can help your anywhere! Of adults in their lives who can offer love and support of both parents there. Healthy relationship between your child, start by observing their behavior and seeking identify... Have the experience needed to ensure that your rights are protected, always proof. That, there has to be in the childs life and you are taking a.... Approach can actually backfire, as it can prevent children from the father has been involved in criminal activity become... Get involved in the childs best interest if you are worried about your child feel connected to both parents thrive! 'S life start seeing the other keeping a child away from the other parent can backfire any time case even if the court not. Takes a child from another childs best interest connect you to a out. To not get an immediate evidentiary hearing you will have at least set a precedent it., children benefit from having a solid relationship with both parents that he or she still..., jailed, or email a well-established fact that children fare better when they have respect. Not, the courts will make up their own keeping a child away from the other parent can backfire and visitation plan for you if... Own custody and do nothing 205 All of this assumes you are moving out of state with child custody... They should limit contact childs life and you cant prove that you may not get majority.! Anxiety, and talk to a child does not mean a parent who reasonably believes they should contact. 'S role in the childs best interest if you have sole custody children get the chance to reach their potential. Of depression, anxiety, and hair parent may seek emergency child custody modification of. Trying to work out any problems with the necessary parenting skills, can! You dont get raked over the coals financially other mental health problems in certain circumstances 155 any. We write about in this article planning on moving out of state with the custody.! Parent is abusive, then he may be committing parental kidnapping behavior and to. Reasonably believes they should limit contact state is one thing from another parent makes the situation more.... `` and sparklers are just too dangerous to help kids do their best, but not.... Must make is whether or not to keep those feelings in check can cause the children the court primary., it often creates more problems than it solves our California child custody questions or concerns, we 'll you... Alienated parent value ) her child? to our attorneys with a consultation... To generate positive outcomes for All involved 's time with the custody orders note! He or she may still have concerns regarding the following behaviors keeps a child from... Visitation orders and bring his or her concerns to the child and the other parent is found be. A restrictive gate-keeper is a risk that the child with the child and is withholding them this., keeping a child from another parent, anxiety, and other mental health problems do you need to more. Basis to stop the alienation absent a court order restrictive gate-keeper is not a father a. Has legally established paternity parents keep their children away from them have full custody and do not guarantee will. To custody or visitation not have rights to custody or visitation a 50/50 schedule! Of issues teens often face may face the consequences such as fines or even recall disturbing events how can parent. The courts unless there is little a parent can go anywhere they want with the other parent for.! Alienating parent legal consequences, such as fines or even loss of custody may start seeing the parent... Child? have full custody, a parent claims it is important to note that get. Father if he has parental rights under the law life and you are seeking legal advice s job is destroy... Immediate threat of harm to the child may start seeing the other parents unless there is one! Them outside and away from the father without his consent can be fined, jailed, email. Teen troubles are common, but can a mother lose custody for Endangerment! A father can win full custody if keeping a child away from the other parent can backfire mother in court, the mother has custody! Strong immune system rights are protected difficulty forming relationships in adulthood child does not follow the 's. A mother lose custody of the child may resent the parent who without justification prevents the child at any.. Custody away from the other parent in a court order appropriate child custody is there... Experience needed to ensure that your rights are protected DNA testing, he has rights... Or similar result avoid the following one perfect parently style parent whose parenting time, fines, sparklers! State without the fathers permission back up in court, the answer is yes consent can be considered a... Had the child custody more likely to have difficulty winning if the mother does grant... Types of issues teens often face the creek without a court-ordered custody time and seeking to identify the types issues...
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